Journal of Engineering Sciences / Журнал інженерних наук

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An algorithm for the detection of circular elements in engineering design
(Sumy State University, 2020) Bonello, D.K.; Iano, Y.; Neto, U.B.
Various concentrated works have been done in the area of computational vision regarding the circle and texture detections. Detection of circles in images can be beneficial for PCB components industries for the detection of capacitors in printed circuit boards, also for medicine in the detection of red cells, white blood cells, and leukocytes, and for applications which requires precision and assignments regarding the detection of circles in a digital image. In this work is utilized a benchmarking of images to detection circle boards of different radio values for the comparison with the work [1] of this article. The benchmarking of images is composed of five main images that are tested in the algorithm of detection of circles in MATLAB with different values of radio for each image. The results appoint an enhancement of 300 % concerning the algorithm proposed in work [1] showed in this article. In this work also would be plotted graphs concerning the accuracy of the new proposed algorithm with relation to the algorithm proposed in work [1], indicating better results concerning the GUI interfaces and capacity of detection circles.
Computational approach to geometric modeling of plow bodies
(Sumy State University, 2024) Yablonskyi, P.; Rogovskii, I.; Sobczuk, H.; Virchenko, G.; Volokha, M.; Vorobiov, O.
In this article, a detailed analysis of modern research and publications on the selected subject was carried out related to the computer-variant geometric modeling of the working surfaces of the plow blades. Based on this, a new method of proper design was proposed. The performed scientific investigations aimed to create a flexible, productive, and universal approach for the automated shaping of tillage tools. The accentuated effectiveness of geometric modeling was achieved using a developed special mathematical apparatus adapted for use in the environment of current computer information systems of an engineering profile. The implementation was based on such parametric lines as heterogeneous rational B-splines, which are acceptable in automated design systems. The specified geometric models were characterized by the coverage of a sufficiently large range of plow heads. The indicated means of forming could conveniently adapt to the changing conditions of designing tillage tools suggested by theoretical calculations and practical experiments. The given facts contributed to the multifaceted clarification of the specified information. They also ensured the appropriate integration and the possibility of determining the most rational options among the studied varieties of plow dumps. Simultaneously, the most common group of dumps with cylindrical and other plow working surfaces was considered. The significant role of geometric models for qualitative coordination and the effective combination of many other models (e.g., strength, manufacturing technology, and operation conditions) was emphasized. This was aimed at comprehensive optimization throughout their life cycle, in this case of plows. The proper solution to the presented problems contributed to a successful solution to the actual scientific and applied problem of improving the quality of machinery.
Control of exhaust emissions using piston coating on two-stroke SI engines with gasoline blends
(Sumy State University, 2021) Kiran, A.V.N.S.; Ramanjaneyulu, B.; Lokanath, M.; Nagendra, S.; Balachander, G.E.
An increase in fuel utilization to internal combustion engines, variation in gasoline price, reduction of the fossil fuels and natural resources, needs less carbon content in fuel to find an alternative fuel. This paper presents a comparative study of various gasoline blends in a single-cylinder two-stroke SI engine. The present experimental investigation with gasoline blends of butanol and propanol and magnesium partially stabilized zirconium (Mg-PSZ) as thermal barrier coating on piston crown of 100 µm. The samples of gasoline blends were blended with petrol in 1:4 ratios: 20 % of butanol and 80 % of gasoline; 20 % of propanol and 80 % of gasoline. In this work, the following engine characteristics of brake thermal efficiency (BTH), specific fuel consumption (SFC), HC, and CO emissions were measured for both coated and non-coated pistons. Experiments have shown that the thermal efficiency is increased by 2.2 % at P20. The specific fuel consumption is minimized by 2.2 % at P20. Exhaust emissions are minimized by 2.0 % of HC and 2.4 % of CO at B20. The results strongly indicate that the combination of thermal barrier coatings and gasoline blends can improve engine performance and reduce exhaust emissions.
Cutting forces simulation for end milling
(Sumy State University, 2023) Petrakov, Y.V.; Ohrimenko, O.A.; Sikailo, M.O.; Myhovych, A.V.
The cutting force in end milling is the essential perturbation of the machining system that limits the productivity of the process. Therefore, forecasting the cutting force when assigning the processing mode and the geometry of the allowance layer to be cut is an urgent task that requires an operational tool for its solution. The method of calculating the cutting force is presented, based on a mechanistic approach, when the geometric ratios of the cutter blades’ positions on the sweep determine the thickness of the undeformed chip. The developed algorithm calculates the cutting force by double integration, first by the length of the cutting edge and then by the number of such edges. The algorithm also allows the simulating of the outrun of the mill on the cutting force and its components. The created application program visualizes the simulating process by oscillograms of the cutting force components for both up and down milling. Experimental studies, in general, proved the adequacy of the developed modeling method. The created program is a tool for operational forecasting of the cutting force during the technological preparation of the end milling process in production.
Design and manufacturing of polymer composite materials using quality management methods
(Sumy State University, 2023) Берладір, Христина Володимирівна; Берладир, Кристина Владимировна; Berladir, Khrystyna Volodymyrivna; Mitalova, Z.; Павленко, Іван Володимирович; Павленко, Иван Владимирович; Pavlenko, Ivan Volodymyrovych; Trojanowska, J.; Іванов, Віталій Олександрович; Иванов, Виталий Александрович; Ivanov, Vitalii Oleksandrovych; Руденко, Павло Володимирович; Руденко, Павел Владимирович; Rudenko, Pavlo Volodymyrovych
Many factors influence the design and manufacturing of products from polymer composite materials. The expert assessment method was applied in the article for the corresponding analysis. A cause-and-effect diagram was built as a result of a preliminary analysis of the influence of factors on the primary indicator of product quality indicators (e.g., wear resistance). Based on the expert assessment results and quality function deployment analysis, the most critical factors affecting wear resistance were obtained: polymer brand, filler shape and size, technological parameters of mixing, pressing, sintering, and mechanical processing. Their impact was studied to establish quantitative dependencies. A stable value of the wear resistance of the product in the manufacturing process can be ensured by timely adjustment of the mixing, pressing, and sintering modes. As a result of the structural analysis of the process of developing materials with predetermined properties at the enterprise according to the IDEF0 methodology, the importance of assessing the risks associated with the process of multi-criteria optimization of their main quality indicators was confirmed.
Design in modern information systems by applying cloud technologies
(Sumy State University, 2023) Tigariev, V.; Lopakov, O.; Rybak, O.; Kosmachevskiy, V.; Cioată, V.G.
In this study, the general algorithm and technology of design in advanced computer-aided design (CAD) software of the CAD-in-the-Cloud type using an information model (IM) was discussed in detail. Applying design systems of this type increases productivity and quality of the development and enables group work on the project. The proposed information model consists of three main components – working with Autodesk Fusion 360 on a computer, working with cloud capabilities, and designers’ collaboration through the cloud. Nevertheless, some IM elements may be missing in a particular design, or there can be options for applying the proposed steps in the design process. Developing customized respiratory protective equipment (face masks) in Autodesk Fusion 360 CAD family was considered as an example of the suggested IM application. Modern design and producing technologies enable the creation of masks according to individual anatomical characteristics of the human face. In this paper, the protective mask was created by applying modern cloud computing technologies using information models. Information models were adapted to the process of protective mask design. The model of a human headform was developed using the 3D scanning method. After applying retopology tools, a basis of the mask frame was created on the surface of a 3D model of a head. Building a solid model and testing the mask fame configuration under mechanical stresses due to facial expression changing was carried out in Autodesk Fusion 360 CAD software. Finally, the cloud module of the generative design was applied to determine the filtering element configuration.
Design of digitally controlled DC-DC boost converter for the operation in DC microgrid
(Sumy State University, 2020) Barui, T. K.; Goswami, S.; Mondal, D.
Renewable energy sources (RESs) are becoming increasingly important day by day to tranquilize the world’s energy crisis and consume fossil fuels in the lower rung. A microgrid system that assimilates clean and green energy-based sources such as solar, wind, and biogas is acquiring much prominence over the conventional grid-based power systems in this day and age. For the up and running of the inexhaustible energy sources in the AC power network, numerous conversions of the power sources occur. In the process of conversion, some amount of power is lost, which minimizes conversion efficiency. However, with the increasing use of DC loads and Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), DC Microgrid could be more beneficial than the conventional AC power system by avoiding several types of drawbacks. This paper demonstrates an efficient system of digitally controlled boost converter for the parallel operation in DC microgrid. Here, the converter of 2.5kW 400V is designed and implemented to validate its functioning in a Microgrid. The whole system has been simulated in MATLAB with an input voltage range of 220–380 V. It has been found that the designed converter can maintain the desired output voltage in the DC Busbar at and around 400 V. Finally, some simulation results have been presented to analyze the converter's operational characteristics and effectiveness in the practical domain.
Determination of kinetic regularities of the process of drying perlite by radiation method
(Sumy State University, 2021) Novokhat, O.A.; Vozniuk, V.T.; Hritsiuk, H.I.; Lysii, V.
The actual methods of perlite drying are established. The radiation method of perlite drying is offered. A description of an experimental installation for drying perlite by the radiation method is given. The kinetic regularities of this method are established. Graphical dependences of moisture content on drying time, perlite surface temperature on drying time, and drying speed of perlite on drying time are described. The influence of the initial moisture content of perlite, the value of the heat flux density from the infrared emitter, the thickness of the perlite layer, and the value of the perlite fraction were determined. The analysis on the resulted graphic dependences is made. A drying installation with a combined drying method is proposed. The general conclusions concerning the expediency of a radiation method of drying perlite are made.
Development of the Computer Graphics Management System Using Text of Natural Language
(Sumy State University, 2018)
The computer has been an integral part of our life. We cannot imagine complicated mathematical and technological calculation without using computer, but we are at this stage in the development of computing systems, when is not enough computer obedience. We needed an assistant. In this paper, we can see the predicate presentation of the text of the natural language personal computer is able to understand person and obey his command. As for the scope of this method of representing natural language text, it is seen the first time that is the use spectrum is very large; firstly, it can be used for research and educational purposes, as well as to study algebra of predicates. Secondly, use as an assistant in the word a user with a computer (is a good addition to the programs engaged in speech recognition). Thirdly, in the regions associated with artificial intelligence.
Development of the method for estimating the inertia radius relative to the vertical axis of the car
(Sumy State University, 2017) Podrigalo, M.A.; Korobko, А.I.; Dubinin, E.A.; Tarasov, Yu.V.; Baytzur, M.V.
The method of estimating the inertia radius relative to the vertical axis of the car is proposed. This allows a third to reduce the relative error of its definition. A refined formula for calculating the radius of inertia design with respect to the vertical axis of the car is proposed. The use of the proposed formula reduces the error of determining the radius of inertia from 21–27 % to 5 %, and the error of determining the inertia moment for the car from 46–61 % to 10 %. A method for assessing the adequacy of the results of theoretical and experimental studies is proposed. The use of the method has shown that the refined formula for calculating the radius of inertia relative to the vertical axis of the car makes it possible to reduce the probability of mismatching the results up to three times.
Dimet Laval nozzle expansion section analysis and optimization
(Sumy State University, 2021) Kun, T.; Jie, H.W.; Markovych, S.; Wang, Y.
The cold spray technology mainly accelerates the powder in the Laval nozzle by gas, ensuring that the powder has a greater velocity at the exit of the Laval nozzle, and achieving high-efficiency deposition on the substrate, thereby obtaining a better performance of the deposition coating. The article uses numerical simulation to study the influence of the length of the expansion section of the Dimet Laval nozzle on the acceleration effect of Al powder. The results show that the length of the expansion section of the nozzle is an essential factor affecting the velocity of the Al powder at the nozzle outlet. Through analysis, it can be known that the pressure inlet range of the Dimet Laval nozzle is 1.0 MPa, and the length of the expansion section is about 210 mm, which can ensure that the Al powder has a better acceleration effect in the nozzle and has a better velocity at the nozzle outlet. It is recommended that the joints between the small sections of the nozzle expansion section should be kept as smooth as possible so that the accelerating effect of the accelerating gas on the Al powder is more uniform and stable.
The distribution pattern of machining errors on woodworking machine tools
(Sumy State University, 2023) Pylypchuk, M.I.; Dziuba, L.F.; Mayevskyy, V.O.; Kopynets, Z.P.; Taras, V.I.
The article aims to develop a methodology for calculating and predicting the distribution patterns of wood machining errors to assess the operating conditions of the machine tool according to the technological accuracy criterion. It was analytically proven and experimentally confirmed that Weibull’s law accurately describes the distribution pattern of machining errors on woodworking machines. Based on the results of experimental studies of the accuracy of machining on machines for lengthwise sawing and plano-milling of wood, it was found that the primary indicator of the Weibull distribution law is a shape parameter that takes values within 1.89–3.11. The computational algorithm was developed for statistical modeling of the pattern of the distribution of machining errors according to the Weibull distribution law. It allows for determining the main parameters of the error distribution law and evaluating the operating conditions for the machine tool according to the technological accuracy criterion. The statistical modeling results for the distribution pattern of machining errors are correlated with the experimental data with an accuracy of up to 5 %, which confirms the reliability of the obtained simulation results. The developed approach also minimizes the restoration cost for the machine’s operability.
Ecologically Safe Directions of the Low Rank Coal Bioconversion
(Sumy State University, 2019) Черниш, Єлізавета Юріївна; Черныш, Елизавета Юрьевна; Chernysh, Yelyzaveta Yuriivna; Пляцук, Леонід Дмитрович; Пляцук, Леонид Дмитриевич; Pliatsuk, Leonid Dmytrovych; Аблєєва, Ірина Юріївна; Аблеева, Ирина Юрьевна; Ablieieva, Iryna Yuriivna; Яхненко, Олена Миколаївна; Яхненко, Елена Николаевна; Yakhnenko, Olena Mykolaivna; М`якаєва, Ганна Миколаївна; Мякаева, Анна Николаевна; Miakaieva, Hanna Mykolaivna; Батальцев, Євген Володимирович; Батальцев, Евгений Владимирович; Bataltsev, Yevhen Volodymyrovych; Roubik, H.; Lis, D.
У цій статті наведені теоретичні дослідження біохімічних особливостей оброблення низькоякісного вугілля. Представлені біохімічні основи деградації органічних компонентів низькоякісного вугілля і біохімічні принципи біологічного вилучення з нього металів та сполук сірки. Проведено аналіз груп мікроорганізмів і визначені оптимальні умови вирощування останніх. Для ідентифікації необхідних екологічних і трофічних груп мікроорганізмів, а також для реалізації закономірності трофічних взаємодій у асоціаціях різних груп мікроорганізмів як в анаеробних, так і в аеробних умовах використовувались електронні бази даних KEGG, BacDive і EAWAG-BBD. З метою розроблення екологічно безпечного напрямку виробництва біогазу і гумінових продуктів застосовано методологічний підхід та сформована принципова схема біохімічних досліджень переробки низькоякісного вугілля.
Effect of erosion on surface roughness and hydromechanical characteristics of abrasive-jet machining
(Sumy State University, 2024) Baha, V.; Pitel, J.; Павленко, Іван Володимирович; Pavlenko, Ivan Volodymyrovych
The article contains the fundamental results of the experimental and numerical investigations for pneumoabrasive unit nozzles with different geometries. The research was purposed by the pressing need to develop an inexpensive and effective working nozzle design of the air-abrasive unit which can be applied for surface processing before some technological processes are performed, as well as for surface coating, descaling after thermal treatment, processing of hollow holes of the crankshafts, smoothing of the inner surfaces of the narrow channels between the impeller blades after electric discharge machining for ultrahigh-pressure combination compressors. Several designs were considered, ranging from the simplest to those with a complicated inner channel geometry. The impact of the nozzle material and challenging inner surface application on its characteristics has also been studied. The research was done using the application of modern CFD complexes for numerical modeling of the air-abrasive mixture discharge from the working nozzle of the pneumo-abrasive unit. In addition, physical experimentation was provided. The methods applied in the research allow for profound, systematic research of spraying units operating on the air-abrasive mixture within a wide range of geometrical and mode parameters. The novelty of the gained results lies in the development of the mathematical model of the pneumo-abrasive nozzle operating process, the working out of a cheaper nozzle design, getting information about air-abrasive mixture distribution along the nozzle length, giving practical recommendations for calculation and designing a working nozzle for the jet-abrasive unit.
Effect of Insert Angles on Cutting Tool Geometry
(Sumy State University, 2020) Швець, Станіслав Володимирович; Швец, Станислав Владимирович; Shvets, Stanislav Volodymyrovych; Astakhov, V.P.
An analysis of publications has shown that mechanically clamped indexable inserts are predominantly used in modern tool manufacturing. Each insert has its shape and geometry in the tool coordinate system. The static system’s required geometry is achieved by the tilting of the insert pocket in the radial and axial directions. Therefore, it is of great importance in the tool design to know the relationships between the insert’s geometry parameters in the tool coordinate system where the geometry paraments of the insert are defined and working geometry parameters of the tool defined in the static coordinate system. The paper presents the developed methodology for determining the insert pocket base surface position to ensure the required values of the tool geometry parameters of the selected indexable insert in the static coordinate system. The graphs of the dependence of each of the angles of the insert geometry on the angles of rotation of this insert in the front and profile planes are presented as the level lines for practical use. Using these graphs, one can optimize all geometric insertion parameters in the static coordinate system. The model of the calculations of the mechanism of the insert clamping by a screw is developed. The basic size and tolerance of the output link determine the distance from the intersection line of the base surfaces to the thread axis on the pocket and the minimum amount of the screw stroke on the insert clamping in the pocket.
Experiment of Polylactic Acid as a Material for Candle Molding on Origami-Shaped Crash Box Patterns
(Sumy State University, 2019) Kusyairi, I.; Himawan, H.M.; Choiron, M.A.; Irawan, Y.S.
Стаття присвячена експериментальним дослідженняи полілактиду, надрукованого за технологією тривимірного друку руйнівного шаблону формі орігамі, призначеного для автомобільної промисловості. Перший етап досліджень присвячений моделюванню шаблона з подальшим проектуванням форми для свічкового лиття із застосуванням відповідного програмного забезпечення. Другий етап стосується лиття приблизно 56 год. і 31 хв. з витратами волокон полілактиду довжиною 16,38 м вагою 128 г. Після виливання карнаубського воску з температурою розливання у прес-форми 110 °С, матеріал охолоджується впродовж 11 хв., після чого форма виділяється. На останньому кроці відбувається перевірка. У результаті експерименту встановлено, що форма з полілактиду здатна відбивати добре виражений рисунок руйнівного шаблону. Підтверджене чітке відбиття різких відступів як внутрішніх, так і зовнішніх. Відсоткова невідповідність форми у зоні A складає 0,52 %, B – 0.43 %, C – 0 %, D – 10.8 %, E1–4 – 0% і E5 – 3.2 %. Порівняльний аналіз підтвердив загальне відхилення форми від експериментальних даних 0,29 мм. Таким чином, продемонстрована послідовність експериментальних досліджень полілактиду в зонах A, B, C і E. Проте є невідповідність експериментальних даних у зоні D, що відповідає за товщину, у результаті зміни форми шаблона під впливом температури розливання воску.
Fabrication, mechanical characterization, and ranking of shell ash reinforced Al-7075-based hybrid composites
(Sumy State University, 2023) Kumar, E.V. Ratna G.; Kumar, Senthil K.; Babu, Ranga J.A.
In the research article, the fabrication of Al-7075-based hybrid composites was done by stir casting technique with the addition of a mixture of crab shell ash (CSA), oyster shell ash (OSA), and snail shell ash (SSA). The mixtures of CSA, OSA, and SSA (MCOSA), CSA and OSA (MCOA), CSA and SSA (MCSA), as well as OSA and SSA (MOSA) with weight percentages in a range of 1–3% were added to the base material. The specimens were prepared according to the ASTM standards and tested for mechanical properties. The hardness, as well as impact, flexural, and tensile strengths of the composites, were increased as the amount of reinforcement to the base metal was increased, and compressive strength was decreased. The greatest tensile strength, tensile modulus, and compressive strength values were observed for the composite designated with AlOSA3. The maximum flexural strength and hardness values were observed for the compositions AlOS21 and AlCO12, respectively. Two techniques (TOPSIS and VIKOR) were successfully applied to the mechanical attributes of composites. The ranking results of both methods were compared. The ranking results for TOPSIS and VIKOR were the same for the index value 0.25. The composites filled with aquatic waste fillers can be used for automotive applications concerning their enhanced mechanical properties compared to the Al-7075 metal alloy properties.
Galerkin–Vlasov Method for Deflection Analysis of Isotropic Sandwich Plates under Uniform Load
(Sumy State University, 2018) Mama, B.O.; Ike, C.C.
In this work, the Galerkin–Vlasov method was used to solve the governing partial differential equation of equilibrium for isotropic sandwich plates with simply supported edges (x = ±a, y = ±b) and under uniform load on the plate domain Vlasov procedure was adopted in choosing the displacement shape functions as orthogonal eigen functions of dynamic Euler Bernoulli beams with equivalent spans, simple supports and loading as the plate. The resulting Galerkin-Vlasov equation was solved to obtain the unknown generalised shape function. It was found that the deflections obtained were exact solutions to the problem of bending isotropic sandwich plates. The deflection was found to be made up of two components: flexural deformation and shear deformation.
The influence of the design features of the submersible pump rotor on the vibration reliability
(Sumy State University, 2024) Маківський, Олексій Сергійович; Makivskyi, Oleksii Serhiiovych; Кондусь, Владислав Юрійович; Kondus, Vladyslav Yuriiovych; Pitel, J.; Сотник, Микола Іванович; Sotnyk, Mykola Ivanovych; Андрусяк, Владислав Олегович; Andrusiak, Vladyslav Olehovych; Полковниченко, Вадим Валентинович; Polkovnychenko, Vadym Valentynovych; Муштай, Максим Валерійович; Mushtai, Maksym Valeriiovych
Pumping equipment consumes about 20 % of the electrical energy produced by humankind. A significant, even drastic, reduction in the weight and size indicators of pumping equipment leads to a decrease in the cost price and, therefore, competitiveness of such products in the market. Simultaneously, it makes it possible to use more valuable and high-quality construction materials and technologies that improve the reliability of equipment and its energy efficiency, which in turn is a clear step in solving many UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). According to the research results, it was proved that by increasing the frequency of the drive, it is possible to reduce the mass and size indicators of the submersible pump for the needs of the critical infrastructure sector by reducing the number of stages. Mainly, the amplitudes of oscillations near the rotation frequency are 12–22 % and do not exceed 35 % of the gaps in the seals, as required by the available international standards to ensure the guaranteed vibration reliability of the pump. Overall, using a bearingless support design will significantly increase the reliability of the developed pump.
Information-extreme machine learning of wrist prosthesis control system based on the sparse training matrix
(Sumy State University, 2022) Супруненко, Микита Костянтинович; Супруненко, Никита Константинович; Suprunenko, Mykyta Kostiantynovych; Зборщик, Олександр Петрович; Зборщик, Александр Петрович; Zborshchyk, Oleksandr Petrovych; Sokolov, O.
The article considers the problem of machine learning of a wrist prosthesis control system with a noninvasive biosignal reading system. The task is solved within the framework of information-extreme intelligent data analysis technology, which is based on maximizing the system’s information productivity in machine learning. The idea of information-extreme machine learning of the control system for recognition of electromyographic biosignals, as in artificial neural networks, consists in adapting the input information description to the maximum total probability of making correct classification decisions. However, unlike neuro-like structures, the proposed method was developed within a functional approach to modeling the cognitive processes of the natural intelligence of forming and making classification decisions. As a result, the proposed method acquires the properties of adaptability to the intersection of classes in the space of recognition features and flexibility when retraining the system due to the recognition class alphabet expansion. In addition, the decision rules constructed within the framework of the geometric approach are practically invariant to the multidimensionality of the space of recognition features. The difference between the developed method and the well-known methods of information-extreme machine learning is the use of a sparse training matrix, which allows for reducing the degree of intersection of recognition classes significantly. The optimization parameter of the input information description, the training dataset, is the quantization level of electromyographic biosignals. As an optimization criterion is considered the modified Kullback information measure. The proposed machine learning algorithm results are shown in the example of recognition of six finger movements and wrist.